Prolonged exposure to polyvinylpyrrolidone heightens DNA breaks in human sperm

The preservation of sperm genetic integrity is pivotal for successful assisted reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on sperm DNA integrity by quantifying the mean number of DNA breakpoints (MDB). A total of 98 sperm samples were collected and subjected to comprehensive assessment of conventional sperm parameters, including concentration, progressive motility (PR), and sperm morphology rate. Furthermore, the MDB was assessed utilizing the TdT-SD Fluo-biosensor. The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa was meticulously examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Exposure to PVP resulted in a substantial elevation in the mean number of DNA breakpoints within the spermatozoa, with discernible effects observed at the 10-minute mark and more pronounced effects evident at the 30-minute mark, when compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Electron microscopy analyses revealed perturbations in the plasma membrane and mitochondrial architecture of the spermatozoa. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), commonly used in assisted reproductive technology, may increase sperm DNA breakpoints, warranting careful consideration of exposure time in clinical practice.