A pilot randomized trial of supervised resistance training plus home-based activity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is frequently associated with frailty, impaired physical function, and reduced quality of life. Evidence on the role of exercise in this population is limited. This pilot randomised clinical trial evaluated the effects of a supervised resistance training programme, combined with a home-based physical activity plan, on frailty, body composition, strength, fatigue, quality of life, and mental health in patients with CLL receiving active treatment. Thirty-six patients were randomised to either a home-based physical activity group plus a supervised resistance training programme group (n = 18) or a home-based physical activity group (n = 14) for eight weeks. The primary outcome was frailty assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Secondary outcomes included body composition, grip strength, fatigue, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and sleep quality. Non-parametric analyses were performed, and effect sizes calculated. No differences between-group were found in frailty. However, participants in the supervised group showed significant improvements in lean mass (p = 0.047), dominant hand grip strength (p = 0.004), cognitive fatigue (p = 0.008), and sleep disturbance (p = 0.010). Effect sizes were moderate for anxiety and sleep quality, and small for depression. Adherence exceeded 80% in both groups, and no adverse events related to exercise were reported. Supervised resistance training combined with home-based physical activity is feasible, safe, and well tolerated in patients with CLL. The intervention was associated with preliminary improvements in muscle mass, strength, fatigue, and sleep-related outcomes. Larger and longer trials are needed to confirm these findings.