In vitro and in silico antiglycation antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties of chemically profiled fruit extracts of Solanum obtusifolium Dunal

This study investigated the phytochemical profile of Solanum Obtusifolium Dunal extract and explored its biological activities, such as antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, it conducted computational analyses, such as molecular docking simulations. Advanced technique, including high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector, was employed to identify and quantify phytochemicals. This research evaluated the antiglycation properties of Solanum Obtusifolium Dunal hydro-ethanolic extract by analyzing glycation progression across different stages. The in vitro assessment of the antihyperglycemic effect involved the enzymes α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. The anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated by the inhibition of protein denaturation and the stabilization of cell membranes. Computational studies, including ADME analysis and molecular docking, were also performed. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the significant presence of quercetin, p-coumaric acid, catechin, and gallic acid in the hydroethanolic extract from Solanum Obtusifolium Dunal fruit. In glycation assays, this extract exhibited targeted inhibitory effects at multiple levels. Additionally, it had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase enzymes in vitro. This extract also exhibited a protective effect against hemolysis and protein denaturation. The findings were supported by the presence of a significant amount of flavonoids and phenolic acids, identified through HPLC-DAD analysis, along with computational studies and molecular docking, which also confirmed that the molecules of this extract were not toxic according to ADMET testing.