Blockchain-based two-level trustable reputation framework for e-commerce platform using smart contracts

E-commerce platforms incorporate reviews and reputation systems, allowing retailers and customers to manage and track their financial transactions. Consequently, it is crucial to design a reliable reputation system for the e-commerce environment, as it faces well-documented threats, including sybil attacks, feedback collusion, impersonation, review tampering, and whitewashing attacks. Current centralized systems are vulnerable to impersonation attacks, feedback manipulation, and lack automated verification against collusion-based reputation distortion. These unwanted ratings and reviews are highly correlated with abnormal cyber-attacks that damage both seller reputations and buyer experiences. To address these challenges, we propose a Blockchain-based Two-Level E-Commerce Trustable Reputation Framework (BTL-ETRF) utilizing deep learning-embedded transformers and redactable blockchain systems. Initially, we implement Multi-Factor Authentication for e-commerce users, utilizing three factors: PIN, OTP, and biometric fingerprint, to mitigate impersonation attacks. Only authenticated users are allowed to proceed to the reputation verification stage, where the proposed work considers five major metrics to classify user reputation using the Residual Dilated Convolution Transformer. To automate the reputation verification process, we design and employ two smart contracts, the Authentication Smart Contract and the Reputation Smart Contract which trigger automated actions based on the BTL-ETRF results. All transactions include reputation classification, and triggered actions are stored in the redactable blockchain, which can modify the stored transactions if needed. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed BTL-ETRF using Python and Ethereum Solidity, and conduct a formal analysis that shows the proposed model outperforms the compared works.