Maxillary sinus morphology and septa: a cadaver-based study

The maxillary sinus plays a crucial role in the pathology and surgical management of the maxillofacial region due to its anatomical complexity and variations. This cadaveric study aimed to analyze the dimensions, volume, presence, and height of maxillary sinus septa to provide essential data for surgical applications in oral and maxillofacial procedures. The study was conducted on 31 hemi-head cadaveric specimens obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The maxillary sinus was evaluated for its dimensions, volume, and the presence and height of septa. Sinus volume was determined by direct filling with a PVP/PVA copolymer gel. The results demonstrated significant variations in sinus dimensions, with average values recorded as height (24.05 ± 6.3 mm), antero-posterior dimension (28.65 ± 7.2 mm), medio-lateral dimension (20.08 ± 5.04 mm), and volume (11.63 ± 3.98 cm³). The study also identified maxillary sinus septa in 35.5% of cases, with an average height of 4.49 ± 1.75 mm, highlighting their potential impact on surgical interventions such as sinus augmentation and endoscopic sinus surgery. The findings underscore the necessity of preoperative assessment of maxillary sinus morphology to optimize surgical planning and reduce complications related to dental implant placement and sinus lift procedures. This research provides valuable anatomical data that can enhance the accuracy of maxillary sinus interventions and contribute to improved clinical outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery.