Biohybrid robots evolutionized by soft electronics
Abstract
Biohybrid robots driven by living muscles feature ultrasoftness, biocompatibility, and low energy consumption, but are currently limited by mechanical mismatch with rigid control systems. Soft electronics provide a compatible interface, enabling moderate stimulation and real-time sensing. This perspective highlights soft electrodes, sensors, and integration strategies that enhance the durability and functionality of biohybrid robots. We demonstrate a vision of biohybrid evolution boosted by soft electronics.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Micro and Nano Robotics
Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Publication details
- Journal / source
- npj Robotics
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Publication date
- 12 February 2026
- Language
- EN