Environmental performance of bioplastics: degradation pathways, chemical leaching, and life-cycle implications
Abstract
Abstract Bioplastics promise lower-carbon alternatives to conventional plastics, yet their environmental performance remains contested. This review synthesizes evidence across three pillars: degradation pathways and micro/nanoplastic generation; chemical leaching and disinfection-by-product formation; and life-cycle impacts and circularity. We integrate toxicological data, real-world fate, and evolving EU/US/ISO standards, highlighting research gaps. We outline priorities, improving end-of-life infrastructure, recyclable design, and harmonized, global assessments, to transition bioplastics from aspirational substitutes to demonstrably sustainable materials.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Publication details
- Journal / source
- npj Materials Sustainability
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Publication date
- 3 March 2026
- Language
- EN