Diversity in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a framework for precision medicine

npj gut and liver. 2026 Open access

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Authors: Donghyun Ko, Jordan Low, Péter Lőw, Damien Chua, Yock Young Dan, Vincent Lingzhi Chen, Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield, Timothy James Kendall, Hirokazu Takahashi, Cheng Han Ng, Nicholas Syn, Mark Muthiah
DOI: 10.1038/s44355-026-00061-3
Cited by: 1
References: 107

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of biological and clinical variability driven by diverse genetic, metabolic, histologic, and environmental factors. In this narrative review, we synthesize current evidence on the multidimensional heterogeneity of MASLD and outline how these variations shape disease mechanisms, progression, and potential precision-medicine strategies. We integrate insights from genetic determinants with differences in histopathology, clinical phenotypes, gut microbiome signatures, and body composition to highlight how these factors may contribute to distinct disease trajectories and therapeutic responses.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Liver Diseases and Immunity Liver Disease and Transplantation

Publication details

Journal / source
npj gut and liver.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
3
Issue
1
Publication date
4 June 2026
Language
EN