MPPC-mediated Electrochemically Assisted Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs)

The integration of microbial peroxide-producing cells (MPPCs) with electrochemically assisted advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) represents a breakthrough in wastewater treatment. EAOPs utilize electrogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), to degrade contaminants. MPPCs provide a sustainable source of H2O2, which can be used in key EAOPs such as anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton reactions, and electrocatalytic wet air oxidation. These hybrid systems eliminate the need for external chemical dosing, reducing operational costs and environmental risks. Anodic oxidation uses hydroxyl radicals generated at high-potential anodes, whereas electro-Fenton processes catalyze H2O2 with iron ions to enhance radical production. The efficiency of EAOPs depends on the electrode material, applied voltage, electrolyte composition, and pollutant type. While MPPCs enhance the sustainability of EAOPs, limitations such as low columbic efficiency, cathode degradation, and variable microbial activity hinder large-scale implementation. Recent studies have focused on catalyst development, optimized reactor designs, and combined microbial–electrochemical pathways to improve system performance. Future advancements should explore cost-effective electrode materials, adaptive biofilm formation, and AI-based process control to enhance MPPC–EAOP integration and enable real-world applications.