Status and Evaluation of Energy Storage Technology: Advances and Challenges in Phase Change Materials

In response to the growing demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions, various methods have been investigated, with thermal energy storage emerging as a particularly promising option. Among these, latent heat energy storage plays a pivotal role. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of energy storage, with a focus on thermal energy storage and the significant advancements in phase change materials (PCMs). PCMs stand out for their ability to absorb and release latent heat during phase transitions, offering unique advantages in energy storage and retrieval. Researchers have explored a wide range of PCMs, from organic to inorganic compounds, each possessing distinct thermal properties tailored to specific applications. This chapter reviews the latest developments in PCM research, highlighting its potential in various sectors, including solar energy storage, building heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, and waste heat recovery. Despite the remarkable progress, challenges remain in fully understanding and optimizing phase change mechanisms. As research continues to unfold, PCMs are poised to play a critical role in unlocking sustainable energy solutions for the future.