Defect-engineered Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors have gained significant research interest and are regarded as essential energy-storage devices due to their superior power density and longer lifespan compared to batteries, fuel cells, and conventional capacitors. The creation of high-performance electrode materials is essential to the advancement of supercapacitors. Defect engineering of 2D materials is emerging as a flexible technique to enhance the electrode response kinetics and effectively manage the physical and chemical properties for particular applications. In this chapter, we have summarized the classification of defects and their production methods in two-dimensional materials. Moreover, the role of different characterization techniques for defect engineering is discussed. Finally, we have outlined the applications of defective two-dimensional materials in energy conversion, and then challenges and future perspectives for supercapacitor applications are confronted.