Interlayer-engineered Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors

Electrochemical energy-storage systems have become essential technologies for advancing sustainable development. Among these, supercapacitors (SCs) stand out for their promising attributes such as high energy and power densities, cycle stability, and safety. Consequently, there is a focused effort by electrochemical researchers to enhance SC performance, particularly through the development of key components like electrode materials. This involves controlling dimensions, chemical functionality, and mechanical properties. In recent years, interlayer engineering has emerged as a promising technique to further improve electrode materials and thereby enhance SC performance. This approach involves precise manipulation of interlayer structures and properties. This chapter reviews recent advancements in interlayer engineering techniques, their different types based on interlayer sandwiching agents, and their effects on electrode charge-storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance. Understanding the state-of-the-art in interlayer engineering and its impact on the electrochemical properties of electrode materials will aid in bridging the knowledge gap for new researchers in this field. Finally, conclusions and insights are provided to elucidate the dependence of electrochemical performance on physical and chemical properties.