Summary

This book presents a comprehensive overview of supercapacitors, with emphasis on material innovations, fabrication techniques, and performance optimisation strategies. It covers the history of electrochemical capacitors, and important concepts such as charge-storage mechanisms, electrode kinetics, and various analytical methods of characterization. It highlights advances in flexible, wearable, and high-performance energy-storage systems. Special focus is put on nanomaterial engineering including doping, defect engineering, interface/surface modification, interlayer design, and bandgap modification as key enablers for next-generation supercapacitors. The incorporation of carbon materials, transition metal oxides, conducting polymers, and emerging 2D materials is explored in detail, along with their synthesis methods and hybrid structures. This book has addressed industrial applications and the role of supercapacitors in sustainable energy systems, offering a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.