Nonlocal plasmon–exciton hybridization in moiré-twisted van der Waals lattices

Moiré-twisted van der Waals heterostructures offer a versatile platform for studying collective electronic and optical excitations arising from long-wavelength superlattice potentials. While continuum moiré Hamiltonians, dielectric-matrix screening, and excitonic models are well established, they are often applied separately, making it difficult to assess the robustness and physical origin of predicted collective modes. Here, we employ a dielectric-matrix approach that consistently couples continuum moiré band structures to momentum-dependent electrodynamic screening. This unified treatment enables a systematic analysis of nonlocal and anisotropic plasmonic excitations in twisted bilayer graphene, as well as plasmon-exciton hybridization effects in moiré transition-metal dichalcogenides. By integrating these established ingredients within a single computational framework, our results provide a controlled connection between microscopic moiré models and experimentally accessible loss spectra.