Polyoxometalates in environmental remediation and energy storage

, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - from polluted air, as well as the elimination of various organic dyes, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater. POMs have also gained recognition as adaptable redox-active materials suitable for next-generation energy storage systems. Their high electron-transfer capacity, structural flexibility, and remarkable chemical stability make them ideal candidates for various applications. POMs can facilitate multi-electron redox processes, allowing for their application in batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrid devices, which results in improved energy density and cycling performance. Recent developments in POM-based composites and electrode designs are further discussed for innovative, sustainable, and scalable energy storage solutions. Additionally, their tunable electrical and magnetic properties make them effective sensors for detecting various environmental pollutants.