Legumes and nuts intake in relation to sleep duration and quality, oxidative stress and inflammation in Iranian adults

a multistage cluster random sampling approach. Their dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Sleep metrics were assessed through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Fasting blood samples were gathered to assess the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. Our analyses revealed significant negative relations between the consumption of legumes and nuts and the odds of short sleep (fully adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.94) and poor sleep quality (fully adjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85); these associations were in a dose-response manner and more pronounced in females. Moreover, a U-shaped association was observed between glutathione peroxidase levels and the odds of poor sleep quality. These findings highlighted the significant association of enhancing the consumption of legumes and nuts with sleep quality and quantity improvement among Iranian adults.