Phenylpropanoid-homoisoflavonoid derivatives from the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and their hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activities

.), physical and chemical properties, and comparison with references. Among them, compounds (3-5) (12 μM) exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities with survival rates of 62.40 ± 1.44%, 72.52 ± 1.16%, 65.31 ± 1.21%, respectively. Moreover, compounds (3-5) increased the GSH (Glutathione) level, and lowered ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) levels. Meanwhile, compounds (7-9) (120 μM) displayed moderate inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity with inhibition rates of 67.75 ± 2.03%, 71.81 ± 1.32%, 64.11 ± 1.37%, respectively. Moreover, compounds (7-9) decreased FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 liver cells, and inhibited triglyceride and intracellular neutral lipid accumulations at the concentration of 60 μM with inhibition rates of 52.93 ± 1.73% and 64.23 ± 1.87%, 44.47 ± 1.16% and 51.62 ± 1.05%, 75.08 ± 2.52% and 74.04 ± 2.39%, respectively. In addition, compounds (3-5), which mainly possessed 3'/4'-furan ring or 4'/5'-pyran ring in their structures, showed moderate hepatoprotective activities, and compounds (7-9) showed moderate hypolipidemic activities because their structures contained 7'-alkene fragment. Compounds (1-12) were classed into four different types of phenylpropanoid-homoisoflavonoid derivatives according to their structural characteristics and complex biogenetic pathways. The molecular docking simulations of compounds (3-5) with hepatoprotective activities and compounds (7-9) with hypolipidemic activities were analyzed and discussed in the work.