Nanotechnology-based targeted delivery strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a common neurodegenerative disorder, seriously affects human health. However, the treatment of AD has always faced significant challenges and has attracted extensive attention in medical research. In recent years, nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies have been identified as a promising direction in AD research due to their unique advantages and potential. These strategies leverage the distinctive physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, enabling them to effectively traverse the blood-brain barrier and directly target pathological sites, thereby minimizing damage to normal tissues and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This approach holds considerable promise for AD treatment. Current literature indicates that nanomedicines can deliver therapeutic agents, such as approved pharmaceuticals, natural compounds, antibodies, and metal nanoparticles, directly to lesion sites, thereby reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues and improving treatment outcomes. With continuous advancements in nanotechnology and ongoing scientific investigations, there is potential for developing safer and more effective treatment options for AD patients in the future. This review aims to summarize recent developments in nanoparticle-based strategies for AD therapy and elucidate their mechanisms of action, providing new insights for the future development and advancement of nanomedicines in this domain.