Research progress and perspective of transparent electrode materials in flexible perovskite solar cells

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) have attracted considerable attention for applications in wearable photovoltaics and building-integrated photovoltaics (B-IPV), owing to their excellent photovoltaic performance and low manufacturing costs. As a crucial component, transparent electrode materials critically influence the photovoltaic performance and mechanical stability of F-PSCs. This review summarizes recent research progress on transparent electrode materials for F-PSCs, focusing particularly on the advantages and limitations of carbon nanomaterials, metallic materials, conductive polymer materials, multilayer composite materials, and emerging flexible transparent electrode materials. Furthermore, we explore future research directions and key challenges in this field, specifically examining strategies to enhance the efficiency and mechanical stability of flexible perovskite photovoltaic devices. This study aims to advance next-generation high-performance F-PSCs development and propose innovative solutions for their widespread adoption in wearable technology and B-IPV.