Recent advances in nanoparticle-modified zeolites: functionalization strategies and diverse applications

capture, pollutant removal, catalytic conversions, hydrogen production, and selected biomedical uses-are discussed to illustrate the multifunctionality of NPZs while maintaining a clear thematic focus on performance enhancement mechanisms. Current challenges, such as nanoparticle leaching, diffusion limitations, high synthesis cost, and scalability constraints, are critically assessed. Emerging strategies to address these issues, including hierarchical zeolite structuring, green and template-free synthesis approaches, and hybrid nanocomposite engineering, are also examined. In addition, a concise techno-economic perspective is presented to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale implementation and industrial translation. By integrating fundamental structural insights with application-driven considerations, this review clarifies key design principles and outlines future research directions for the sustainable development and commercialization of nanoparticle-modified zeolites.