Comprehensive characterization and RSM-based optimization of crystal violet adsorption using SnCl 2 –FeCl 3 and SnCl 2 –ZnCl 2 activated pomegranate peel biosorbents

RSC Advances 2026 Open access

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Authors: Nada Hamrouche, Chahrazed Djilani, Youghourta Belhocine, Nawal Bouzenad, Lehtihet Boudjema Amir, SABRI MERADI, Imene Hamrouche, Djihane Slimane Ben Ali
DOI: 10.1039/d5ra09290f
Cited by: 8
References: 79

Abstract

, respectively. The adsorption behavior was best fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic evaluation confirmed that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. Additionally, the biosorbents demonstrated strong reusability, retaining high performance through up to seven adsorption/desorption cycles.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal Phosphorus and nutrient management Advanced oxidation water treatment

Publication details

Journal / source
RSC Advances
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Volume
16
Issue
5
Pages
4318–4334
Publication date
1 January 2026
Language
EN