Beyond water: a mini review on hybrid electrolyte strategies for advanced aqueous aluminum batteries

Aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AAMBs) are considered a highly promising technology for future sustainable energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity, low cost, and environmental compatibility. However, achieving highly reversible and fast reaction kinetics remains a critical challenge that limits their advancement. In this perspective article, we argue that water-organic hybrid electrolytes (WOHEs) possess distinct advantages in concurrently optimizing the performance of both the anode and cathode in AAMBs through modifying the solvation structure and/or suppressing water activity. Finally, we highlight the necessity of in-depth investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of WOHEs on the electrochemical behavior at the electrode/electrolyte interface, particularly the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode/cathode surface. Addressing these key aspects will facilitate the development and practical deployment of AAMBs.