Toward continuous and non-invasive monitoring: a scoping review of in vitro blood glucose devices from electrochemistry to optics and micro-system integration
Abstract
MARD of nearly 1.31% to wearables with about 99% of points in clinically acceptable error-grid zones. Additionally, from a system perspective, it highlights microfluidics, MEMS, flexible electronics, and nanomaterials for wearable integration and antifouling. Finally, it identifies accuracy limits for tissue optics or dielectric effects, individual variability, calibration, lag, drift, and lifetime, and calls for scenario-based stress testing and multi-center validation.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Materials Chemistry B
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3383–3402
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026
- Language
- EN