Comparative toxicity and molecular recognition of galaxolide and its phototransformation product galaxolide lactone in Daphnia magna

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 2026

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Authors: Kunting Li, Chuanyang Chen, Dali Wang, Hongjie Huang, Zixuan Yuan, Jing You
DOI: 10.1039/d6em00059b
Cited by: 1
References: 24

Abstract

. Notably, the chronic effects of HHCB-lac were greater than those of HHCB. This finding was further supported by molecular docking simulations, which revealed a higher binding tendency of HHCB-lac compared with HHCB to the nuclear receptors ecdysone receptor (EcR) and estrogen-related receptor (ERR). The CO group in HHCB-lac provided a key site for forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of the nuclear receptors. Our work demonstrates that the photodegradation products of HHCB can exhibit ecological toxicity comparable to or even greater than that of the parent compound, highlighting the necessity of incorporating transformation products into environmental risk assessments of synthetic musks.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics Marine Sponges and Natural Products Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis

Publication details

Journal / source
Environmental Science Processes & Impacts
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Volume
28
Issue
5
Pages
1534–1543
Publication date
1 January 2026
Language
EN