Evaluation of the acute toxicity of the choline chloride : urea deep eutectic solvent and its impact on the intestinal microbiota
Abstract
Acute oral exposure to ChCl : urea DES induces gut microbiota dysbiosis, disrupts the bile acid-FXR-liver axis, and triggers subclinical hepatic inflammation, revealing critical toxicological endpoints overlooked by classical safety markers.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Ionic liquids properties and applications
Extraction and Separation Processes
Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Green Chemistry
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 15242-15263
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026
- Language
- EN