Low-field strain-driven phase diagram of (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 –SrTiO 3 –LiNbO 3 lead-free relaxor ceramics for actuator applications
Abstract
co-substitution creates oxygen vacancies and strong random fields that promote very dynamic polar nanoregions (PNRs) and flatten the free energy landscape. This finding shows that LN is acting as an effective phase-boundary engineering component instead of just being a passive dopant; thus, giving a good way toward developing high-performance low-field lead-free piezoelectric actuators.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Dielectric materials and actuators
Publication details
- Journal / source
- RSC Advances
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 26173–26189
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026
- Language
- EN