Synergistic promotion between modified carbon cloth electrode and supramolecular gel polymer electrolyte enables flexible energy storage

The development of high-performance flexible supercapacitors necessitates synergistic design between electrodes and electrolytes. Herein, a flexible supramolecular gel supercapacitor (FSGSC) was constructed by integrating polypyrrole modified carbon cloth (PPy/CC) electrode with sodium alginate/acrylamide acrylic copolymer supramolecular gel polymer electrolyte. The PPy/CC electrode offers a high areal capacitance of 3600 mF cm⁻², while the interpenetrating network gel ensures robust mechanical properties and tunable ionic conductivity. A crucial synergistic promotion is unveiled, where the device performance strongly depends on the NaCl concentration within the gel electrolyte. An optimal salt content yields an exceptional specific capacitance of 991.1 mF cm⁻², low resistance, and efficient kinetics. This work highlights the importance of harmonized component engineering for advanced flexible energy storage.