Integrating efficient and tailored perovskite and organic solar cells into performance-improved tandem photovoltaics

losses-through suppression of defect-induced nonradiative recombination-especially critical. The organic rear cell extends absorption into the near-infrared region, enabling sufficient photon harvesting and current matching between the two subcells. The interconnecting layer (ICL), which provides ohmic contact and facilitates efficient carrier recombination between subcells, also requires continued optimization of both its recombination mechanism and interfacial processes. In this review, we first summarize strategies for improving bulk perovskites and interfacial layers, followed by key design principles for ICLs. We then discuss electrical regulation and optical management in organic subcells. Finally, we outline the current challenges and future perspectives of POTSCs to guide the development of high-performance, scalable and flexible tandem photovoltaic technologies.