Architecture and evaluation of a charging station for heavy-duty vehicles

This paper presents the concept and premises of a megawatt (MW) charger to be tested for operational purposes in Norway. The system is composed of containerized charging modules designed for heavy-duty transport, integrating a battery energy storage system (BESS) that supplements power from the grid. A technical description of the power electronic converters employed by both the charger and the BESS is provided, including control strategies and operational specifications. The testing and evaluation methodology is outlined, covering various scenarios such as blackout and earth-fault conditions, thermal limits, showcase of the megawatt charging system (MCS) plug, dynamic testing of the energy management system using an MCS Emulator, and other fault conditions and circuit breaker operations. The detailed depiction of the charging system offers a foundation for future research and practical implementation.