Energy-based sensitivity analysis of HVDC control on offshore wind turbine response within an overall grid-forming system

This paper analyses the influence of grid-forming (GFM) control implemented in modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems on the operating point of offshore wind turbines (WTs). TheOffWiPPfull-GFM operational strategy is applied to an HVDC-connected offshore wind power plant (OWPP), focusing on the impact of the onshore converter’s GFM control and the overall energy control of both MMCs. Time-domain simulations in PSCAD are performed to evaluate the effect of key control parameters-namely, the onshore inertia time constant and the disturbance input decoupling (DID) gain-on the WTs’ mechanical response during onshore grid disturbances. The results indicate that, while these parameters affect the discharging dynamics of both converters, their overall influence on the WTs’ mechanical operating point remains minimal. The choice of the APC topology as well as the intrinsicP-fdroop has a higher influence.