A tri-band MIMO frequency reconfigurable antenna design for 5G applications

In this article, a quad-port built-in, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) tri-band frequency-reconfigurable antenna design is presented. In this work, two types of PIN diodes were used to meet the requirements of frequency reconfigurability. The four elements are situated orthogonally with each other for better isolation (greater than 17 dB). The antenna was printed on a substrate Rogers RT/ Duroid 5880 with dimensions of 36 × 36 mm2and a thickness of 0.8 mm. Switching between the far distinct bands of the 5G communications employing a MIMO frequency-reconfigurable antenna is the important aspect this work targets to perform. To transition between mid/high frequencies, a PIN diode is used in this work. One mode (only D1ON) covers 5.7 GHz, while the second mode (only D2-1and D2-2are ON) covers 28/38 GHz. The MIMO antenna provides an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) under 0.05 and a diversity gain (DG) of greater than 9.8 dB, contributing to its outstanding quality. The antenna shows good gain and a maximum total efficiency of 93%. The results demonstrated that the proposed antenna is adequate for 5G applications.