Power and energy allocation for inertia: investigating the impact on the operation of residential battery storage systems

This paper investigates the impact of inertia provision on the operation of residential battery storage systems (BESS). An optimisation model aimed at self-consumption optimisation (SCO) is expanded to include power and energy reservation for inertia. Simulations are carried out for various amounts of allocated power and energy for inertia, as well as for different household configurations. The analysis considers techno-economic key figures for households, as well as the general behaviour of the BESS (i.e. examining power flows and state of charge). The results indicate that allocating power and energy for inertia provision with up to 40 % of the rated power has a negligible impact on operation for households without an electric vehicle, since the BESS’s charging and discharging processes can be shifted within the photovoltaic production and load times. However, in households with electric vehicles, reductions in the self-consumption quota can already be seen even with smaller inertia ratios, as the high negative residual loads can be covered even less by the BESS due to the reserved power bands. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that providing inertia with less than half of the nominal power has a minor effect on the prosumer’s revenue after SCO in most household configurations.