The analytical model and optimization method of PCB motors

This paper proposes an analytical model and optimization approach for a printed circuit board axial flux permanent magnet motor using a dimensional reduction method. The three-dimensional magnetic field is transformed into an equivalent two-dimensional model, enabling fast and accurate computation. A Halbach magnet array is adopted to concentrate magnetic flux on one side of the rotor, enhancing the air-gap flux density and reducing leakage. The magnetic field distribution is derived analytically based on the combined axial and tangential magnetization components. An improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is further applied to optimize the motor design, achieving a balance between torque density and ripple. The proposed method provides a rapid and reliable tool for the preliminary design of lightweight PCB axial flux motors.