Multi‐Objective Low Carbon Energy Management of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Water Response Programs

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a two‐layer, tri‐objective optimization structure for the daily operation of integrated energy systems. The proposed structure integrates the water system into the electrical, thermal and cooling systems to model the energy‐water nexus in modern energy systems. The first layer of the proposed model is formulated in MATLAB software and is responsible for modelling the uncertainty of renewable energies using a stochastic model. The second layer utilizes a hybrid classic weighted compromise programming to provide a sustainable and economic operation for the energy system. The second layer is solved using GAMS software to ensure optimality. The carbon capture, protection from underground sources and the cost of the system are the objective function. The main aim of the proposed model is to prevent the excess extraction of water from underground sources. To this end, the water storage tank and desalination systems are considered to meet the needed potable water. To show the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is tested on a general integrated energy system. The numerical results show that the proposed model improves water extraction and carbon emissions by 86.7% and 3.03%, respectively, while increasing the operating cost by 3.96%.