Hierarchical Control Framework for Stable Operation in Inverter‐Dominated Multi‐Microgrid Systems via Adaptive Consensus Tuning

ABSTRACT This paper presents a hierarchical control strategy for inverter‐dominated multi‐microgrid systems, structured into two distinct control layers: (1) the microgrid layer and (2) the multi‐microgrid (MMG) layer. In the microgrid layer, decentralised primary control ensures accurate power distribution among inverter‐based distributed generators (IBDGs), while distributed secondary control restores voltage and frequency to their reference values. Furthermore, within the MMG layer, the optimal active power reference for each IBDG is calculated, and consensus coefficients (CCs) are adaptively tuned to ensure system stability. Eigenvalue analysis within this layer identifies modes with low damping coefficients, which are classified as critical modes (CMs) and pose a threat to the system's stability. This research demonstrates that the CCs of specific secondary controllers play a significant role in the formation of CMs. This paper proposes a novel adaptive iterative method for increasing the damping ratio to enhance system stability. In each iteration, the CCs with the most significant contribution to CM formation are identified using the participation factor method. Their values are then adjusted to increase the damping of these modes, transitioning them from critical to non‐critical modes. MATLAB simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, highlighting its ability to enhance system stability.