The BINGO project

Context. Building on the transformative success of optical redshift surveys, the emerging technique of neutral hydrogen (HI) intensity mapping (IM) offers a novel probe of large-scale structure (LSS) growth and the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe. Aims. We present cosmological forecasts for the Baryon acoustic oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) project, a pioneering HI IM experiment, quantifying its potential to constrain the Planck-calibrated lambda-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology and extensions to the w0waCDM dark energy model. Methods. For BINGO’s phase 1 configuration, we simulated the HI IM signal using a lognormal model and incorporated three dominant systematics: foreground residuals, thermal noise, and beam resolution effects. Using Bayesian inference, we derived joint constraints on six cosmological parameters (Ωbh2, Ωch2, 100θs, ns, ln1010As, and τr) alongside 60 HI parameters (biHI, ΩiHIbiHI) across 30 frequency channels. Results. Our results demonstrate that combining BINGO with the Planck 2018 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) dataset tightens the confidence regions of cosmological parameters to ∼40% the size of those from Planck alone, significantly improving the precision of parameter estimation. Furthermore, BINGO constrains the redshift evolution of HI density and delivers competitive measurements of the dark energy equation of state parameters (w0, wa). Conclusions. These results demonstrate BINGO’s potential to extract significant cosmological information from the HI distribution and provide constraints competitive with current and future cosmological surveys.