Antiphytopathogenic Potential of Seaweed Extracts from the Atlantic Coast of El Jadida: Toward Sustainable phytopathogenic Disease Management

Pesticides, as chemical compounds, are used to control various plant diseases. However, their excessive use in the croplands shows implications for human and environmental health. Nevertheless, the deployment of alternative approaches would seem to be necessary. Natural bioactive molecules derived from seaweeds are recognised for their several biological activities and can help plant survival by providing protection against stress imposed by pathogens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-phytopathogenic activities of seaweed extracts collected from the coast of El Jadida, Morocco. In this study, we analysed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of seaweed extracts and their ability to protect plants in vivo against fungal and bacterial diseases. Defence-related enzyme activity analyses were conducted to determine whether these extracts could stimulate resistance mechanisms. The extracts used significantly inhibited the growth of the strains (Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria alternata, Sclerotium rolfsii, Dickeya dadantii, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Pectobacterium brasiliensis) in vitro; on the other hand, the use of seaweed extracts directly by spraying significantly reduced plant disease severity by up to 90%. This protective ability was associated with the activation of growth parameters. Pre-treated plants exhibited significantly higher activity levels of the defence enzymes. In conclusion, seaweed extracts showed promising anti-phytopathogenic activities; they are a source of bioactive compounds with potential agricultural applications that could be of considerable economic interest to sustainable agriculture.