Innovations in Precast Concrete Technology for Giant Sea Wall Construction in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Coastal erosion is a major challenge for Indonesia, where extensive shorelines are exposed to high-energy waves and anthropogenic pressures. This study introduces Hexaloc, a novel concrete armor unit with six interlocking arms designed to enhance stability and ease of installation in breakwater structures. The research focuses on the innovation of concrete molds and production systems, enabling scalable fabrication of Hexaloc units with consistent quality. Laboratory-scale trials were conducted to validate compressive strength, density, and durability using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), hammer test, and compressive strength testing. Results confirm that Hexaloc units achieve the targeted strength of 30 MPa and demonstrate effective interlocking performance under simulated wave conditions. The prototype development reached Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 5, with potential for industrial-scale application and community-based coastal protection programs. This innovation contributes to sustainable coastal infrastructure by offering a practical, durable, and environmentally adaptive solution for shoreline defense in tropical regions.