Analysis of quadriceps muscle activation at different squat angles using maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC): A pilot study

The quadriceps muscles play a crucial role in active knee joint stabilization, particularly during functional activities such as squatting. Squat angle variations may influence muscle activation levels. This study aimed to analyze differences in activation of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) during squat variations using the Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) parameter. This pilot study used an Experimental Single Group design involving 12 male futsal athletes from Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (aged 19–22 years, normal BMI, normal Q-angle). Muscle activation was measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) at squat angles of 120°, 90°, and 60°, each repeated three times. Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and Repeated Measures ANOVA for inter-angle differences. Result showed that the highest activation at 120° was observed in VL (98.73 µV), at 90° in VM (133.42 µV), and at 60° also in VM (176.80 µV). Repeated Measures ANOVA revealed significant differences across all squat angles (p