Diversity, density, and ecological significance of mangrove species in Bali Barat National Park

This study assessed the condition of mangrove ecosystems in the Bali Barat National Park, focusing on Menjangan Island and Terima Bay, which are important for coastal protection and biodiversity conservation. Vegetation data were collected using the Line Transect Plot method, covering the trees, saplings, and seedlings. A total of 14 mangrove species were recorded, with 9 species in Terima Bay and 5 species on Menjangan Island. Analysis using the Important Value Index (IVI) revealed that Excoecaria agallocha was the most dominant species in Terima Bay, whereas Xylocarpus granatum dominated Menjangan Island, reflecting high adaptability to local conditions. Most individuals were found in the sapling category, suggesting good natural regeneration, whereas the highest density occurred at the seedling stage. Differences in the associated biota between sites indicated habitat heterogeneity. Overall, mangrove ecosystems in the Bali Barat National Park remain relatively healthy, providing essential ecosystem services and supporting diverse species. These findings highlight the importance of continued conservation, monitoring, and management interventions to maintain mangrove structure, regeneration, and biodiversity, thus reinforcing their role in climate resilience and nature protection.