A study on the role of secondary metabolites in combating lead-induced stress in Pistia stratiotes (Water lettuce)

Invasive aquatic organisms represent a substantial danger to marine ecosystems, causing disruptions in ecology and hazards to species. Our study represents the potential of Pistia stratiotes to absorb excess nutrients and heavy metals. This study involves the adverse effects of abiotic stress, especially lead nitrate, on aquatic environments. Lead is a toxic heavy metal that acts as an inhibg fdfz ditor to seed germination, hinders seedling growth, etc. This research examined the changes in secondary metabolites like polyphenols and flavonoids as which are known because of their competence for binding heavy metals and for their antioxidant properties. We have studied phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene activity, lipid peroxidation, proline content, and gene expression that play a crucial role in reducing metal stress. This research will help in the development of sustainable strategies for alleviating heavy metal pollution.