Study on Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Cooling Effect in Chongqing Based on the “Quantity-Shape-People” Framework

Affected by rapid urbanization and extreme high temperatures, urban thermal environment imbalance is worsening. Academically, there’s a notable gap in integrated research on the full chain of “unit green quantity cooling efficiency—overall cooling capacity—actual resident benefits” in mountainous cities. This study uses the “Quantity-Shape-People” framework to build a 3D indicator system (Cooling Efficiency/CE, Cooling Capacity/CC, Cooling Benefit/CB). It integrates 1km-resolution multi-source remote sensing data, statistical data, and Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification to analyze Chongqing’s urban cooling effect spatial features. Results show Chongqing’s main urban cooling effect distribution aligns with LCZ types, with clear hierarchy: high-rise built-up areas have the lowest CE/CC; waterfront green spaces and mountain parks form stable high- CE zones; high-CB zones cluster in dense mixed residential areas. Policy-wise, to cut population-weighted thermal vulnerability, prioritize “cooling measures × reducing exposure” in “high built-up ratio × high population density” areas. To boost CE/CC, focus on urban form optimization, surface material improvement, and ventilation design. The study offers scientific support for mountainous cities to tackle warming and advance climate-adaptive governance.