The relationship between the cooling effect of parks and the urban heat island effect in Jakarta and Bandung

Cities around the world are experiencing the Urban Heat Island phenomenon, due to increasing urbanization and human activity, as well as environmental degradation characterized by a lack of green space. With the remaining green open spaces in urban areas, what contribution can they make to address this phenomenon? According to several journals, green open spaces can provide cooling effects through trees, and when combined with blue spaces such as water, the results can be optimized. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine whether there is a connection between the cooling effects of parks in two cities (Jakarta and Bandung) and surface land temperatures, one of the ways to observe the Urban Heat Island phenomenon. The research method used is quantitative descriptive, with several stages of analysis, including LST analysis and the cooling effect of parks. The results of this study indicate a connection between the cooling aspects of parks, divided into two character: large parks (area, intensity, gradient) and small parks (efficiency) in relation to surface temperature in the districts where the parks are located.