IoT-based Multimodal Borewell Monitoring

Excessive groundwater extraction has led to a significant decline in water tables, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based approach for real-time estimation of groundwater levels in borewells. In addition to water level measurements, parameters such as motor current and rainfall are tracked to evaluate their influence on groundwater dynamics. To assess practical feasibility, five monitoring nodes were deployed across a small educational campus in Hyderabad, India. Data collected over a two-month period indicate that the proposed low-cost system is both reliable and effective in real-world conditions, while also revealing interesting correlations between groundwater level variations and the monitored parameters.