Applications of HEC-RAS and ADC in Hydraulic Flow Modelling Around Barrages: A Systematic Review

This paper reviews and analyses the use of the HECRAS and ADCIRC hydraulic models for simulating downstream flow and erosion patterns developed behind barrages. The study validates these models as suitable instruments for predictions of sediment transport, morphological evolution and scour, obtaining very accurate results by means of intense calibration. Combining geography and remote sensing for employment in GIS-based spatial analysis has been much improved, which made an important applied to navigation, flood risk assessment and construction of infrastructure. However, limitations remain including an inability to model complex sediment dynamics and site specific calibration mean models are not widely transferable between locations while continued debate over the most suitable dimensional treatment. The main research challenges are simulating extreme events and the long-term morphological evolution. To enhance the model robustness and sustainability of river management, future studies should focus on developing advanced sediment formulations, accurately parameterizing 2D models, and formulating unified protocols to integrate data.