Empirical formula for specific heat of solids based on atomic constants and a universal subzero limiting temperature
Abstract
We present a novel empirical approach to understand the specific heat capacities of solids by introducing a characteristic subzero reference temperature derived from fundamental atomic constants. Using the total energy of the electron associated with the Bohr radius and the proton- electron mass ratio, we define a universal lower temperature limit as 3.87862×10⁻¹⁴ K. Based on this temperature and a room temperature of 300 K, we propose a simple empirical relation for specific heat capacity expressed in terms of atomic mass number A: C = 25416.852/A J/kg.K. The formula accurately predicts experimental specific heat capacities across various elemental solids, providing a fundamental link between atomic-scale constants and macroscopic thermodynamic behaviour. Considering ‘grams to kilograms’ and ‘moles to kilomoles’ and with reference to Dulong-Petit law, it can be expressed as, C = [3 x 1000 x R]/A . It needs further study.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
High-pressure geophysics and materials
Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys
Publication details
- Journal / source
- EPJ Web of Conferences
- Volume
- 345
- Pages
- 01029–01029
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026
- Language
- EN