Research on biological detection technology based on fluorescence principles

Biological detection technology plays an important role in the fields of disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety. Among them, detection technology based on optical principle has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response and non-destructive, which has led to its rapid development. In this review, we systematically review the principles, progress and applications of fluorescence detection, which achieves ultrasensitive detection and dynamic monitoring of biomolecules through the strategies of fluorescence labeling, fluorescence lifetime imaging, fluorescence polarization immunoassay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In the future, the combination of multiple technologies, intelligent data analysis, and portable device development will become important directions for the development of optical detection technology, further promoting its application in precision medicine and environmental monitoring.