Advancing Neurology in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Scott N. Grossman, MD Rachel C. Kenney, PhD Few recent medical innovations have been accompanied by as much hope and hype as has artificial intelligence (AI). Although these technologies have the potential to augment neurologic practice and improve the experience of neurologic care for patients and physicians alike, technology is evolving at such a rapid pace that few practicing neurologists can hope to keep up. In this issue of Seminars in Neurology the editors have aimed to gather a collection of pieces from opinion leaders in the space where AI and neurology meet to review current practices and offer insight into the future for us all. Some articles in this collection are focused on AI's influence on specific disease categories such as neuroinflammatory diseases, neurovascular diseases, dementia, movement disorders, and neuro-rehabilitation. Others focus on broader topics including education in neurology, ocular biomarkers of neurologic disease, and the interaction between AI and medical devices. Finally, some pieces focus on AI-specific topics, providing deeper understanding in the practical application of AI tools like large language models, natural language processing in the health record, federated learning, and AI prompt engineering. One unifying theme of the articles in this issue of Seminars is that the field of AI in neurology is evolving quickly in 2026. As clinicians and scientists committed to advancing patient care, it is challenging to predict what the future will hold. AI is increasingly integrated into neurologic care and it will remain important to stay up to date on evolution in the field. During the year that we worked with the editorial team to put together this issue, the literature on AI in neurology continued to evolve across many of the areas that we highlight here. Modesty will remain important moving forward as the literature is likely to expand beyond the scope of any one individual's capacity to absorb. As editors of this volume, we would like to sincerely thank Drs. David Greer and Ariane Lewis for their invaluable input, Ms. Jillian Schweitzer for her organizational support, and the authors for their outstanding contributions. It has been a true pleasure to work in partnership with such a talented group of collaborators for this volume and we hope the readership of Seminars finds plenty of food for thought. Publication History Article published online: 16 February 2026 © 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA