Gut Microbiota and Venous Thromboembolism: An Emerging Link

Abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a significant contributor to systemic diseases, including thrombotic disorders. This mini-review synthesizes current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in VTE pathogenesis. Dysbiosis, a disruption in microbial composition, has been associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and heightened platelet activation, all of which contribute to a prothrombotic state. Although causal relationships are still being elucidated, accumulating data suggest that the gut microbiota modulates coagulation and venous thrombosis, potentially representing a modifiable target for VTE risk reduction.