Innovative microextraction of bioactive metabolites from Cannabis sativa L. aerial parts using eutectic solvents

Cannabis sativa L. is a plant that has been used since ancient times for medicinal, textile and food purposes. From a chemical point of view, it is a very complex matrix consisting of several classes of specialized metabolites, including cannabinoids, terpenoids and flavonoids [ 1 ]. The metabolomic profile of the plant varies considerably depending on which part of the plant is considered. Research has traditionally focused mainly on cannabinoids, but there is growing interest in the potential synergistic bioactivity of the entire metabolome, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive profiling. A key challenge in this context is the extraction process, which has a decisive influence on the detection and quantification of bioactive compounds. Conventional extraction techniques often rely on large amounts of toxic and environmentally harmful organic solvents. However, recent advances in microextraction and in the development of greener solvents offer promising alternatives in line with regulatory requirements and public attention to environmental sustainability [ 2 ]. This study is focused on the characterization of hemp aerial parts (leaves and stems), rich in non-psychotomimetic cannabinoids and flavonoids [ 3 ]. Initially, ultrasound-assisted methanol extraction was used to isolate these compounds. To improve sustainability, the study explores eutectic solvents consisting of natural terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and choline derivatives in combination with ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-liquid microextraction [ 4 ] [ 5 ]. This approach successfully replicates the chemical profile of conventional methods while improving analyte enrichment and reducing environmental impact. The results emphasize the potential of DES-based microextraction as a viable, environmentally friendly alternative for comprehensive metabolomic studies in C. sativa . Publication History Article published online: 05 March 2026 © 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany